Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes, and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are nevertheless coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. In its physical aspect, singing has a well-defined technique that depends on the use of the lungs, which act as an air supply or bellows on the larynx, which acts as a reed or vibrator on the chest, head cavities and skeleton, which have the function of an amplifier, as the tube in a wind instrument and on the tongue, which together with the palate, teeth, and lips articulate and impose consonants and vowels on the amplified sound. Professional singers usually take voice training provided by voice teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific musical genre, such as classical or rock, although there are singers with crossover success (singing in more than one genre). If practice is done regularly then the sounds can become clearer and stronger. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice. It may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual as part of music education or as a profession. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged, or improvised. Different singing styles include art music such as opera and Chinese opera, Indian music and religious music styles such as gospel, traditional music styles, world music, jazz, blues, ghazal and popular music styles such as pop, rock and electronic dance music. Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists. Singers perform music ( arias, recitatives, songs, etc.) that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist (in jazz and popular music). Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice.
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